Transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes universitários: abordagem epidemiológica sobre vulnerabilidades / Common mental disorders in university students: epidemiological approach about vulnerabilities / Transtornos mentales comunes en estudiantes universitários: abordaje epidemiologico acerca de las vulnerabilidades

OBJETIVO: identificar a ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de uma instituição de Ensino Superior e associar com as características sociodemográficas e acadêmicas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, de levantamento, realizada com 378 estudantes universitários de uma instituição do interior paulista, com a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e do Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de análise estatística descritiva e instruções respectivas para a análise do instrumento utilizado. RESULTADOS: 151 (39,9%) dos estudantes universitários entrevistados apresentaram escore de classificação para caso suspeito de transtornos de humor, de ansiedade e de somatização. Das variáveis sociodemográficas, os maiores índices foram para mulheres (43,7%), homossexuais (50,0%), cor de pele preta (42,9%) e em união estável (50,0%). Das variáveis acadêmicas, destacam-se maiores índices entre estudantes do curso de Administração (57,5%) e estudantes no período matutino (44,0%). CONCLUSÃO: a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e recuperação relacionadas à ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns nessa população é clara, tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade a qual está exposta.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the occurrence of mental disorders, common in students of a higher education institution and associate it with the socio demographic and academic caracteristics. METHOD: it´s a data survey, exploratory, descriptive, quantitativeve approach, made with 378 university students from an institution in the inner city of São Paulo, applying the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The data was analysed using the descriptive statistical analysis and instructions for the analysis of the instrument used. RESULTS: 151 (39,9%) of the interviewed university students show a suspicious classification score for humor disorder, anxiety and somatization. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, the highest index was for women (43,7%), homosexuals (50,0%), black colored people (42,9%), in a stable union (50,0%). Regarding the academic variables, the highest index was between business administration students (57,5%), and morning shift students (44,0%). CONCLUSION: the need to planning prevention and recovery strategies related to the occurency of common mental disorders in these people is clear, in view of the vulnerability they are exposed.

OBJETIVO: identificar la aparición de transtornos mentales comunes en estudiantes de uma institución de enseñanza superior y asociarla con las características sociodemograficos y académicos. MÉTODO: es uma investigación de levantamiento, exploratório, descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, hecha con 378 estudiantes universitários de una institución del interior de San Pablo, con aplicación de cuestionário semiestructurado y Cuestionario de Autoinforme. Los datos fueron analizados con el análisis estadísticos descriptivos y instruciones respectivos para el análisis del instrumento utilizado. RESULTADOS: 151 (39,9%) de los estudiantes universitários entrevistados presentaron puntuación de clasificación para caso sospechoso de transtorno de humor, de ansiedad y de somatización. De los variables sociodemograficos, los mayores índices fueron para las mujeres (43,7%), homosexuales (50,0%), color de piel negra (42,9%), en unión estable (50,0%). De los variables académicos, los que más se distinguen con índices mayores están los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración (57,5%), y estudiantes del período matutino (44,0%). CONCLUSIÓN: la necesidad de planificación de estratégias de prevención y recuperación relacionadas a la aparición de transtornos mentales comunes en esta población es clara, teniendo en vista la vulnerabilidad en la que están expuestos.

Envolvimento com álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias por estudantes universitários / Undergraduate students and their entry into alcohol, tobacco and other drugs / Estudiantes universitarios y su incursión en el alcohol, tabaco y otras sustancias

Resumo Introdução O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar o quantitativo de estudantes em uma instituição de ensino superior no interior paulista que vivenciam o envolvimento com o álcool, o tabaco e ou outras substâncias, e avaliar a ocorrência e nível de dependência nos mesmos. Materiais e Métodos Trata-se de extrato de uma pesquisa de levantamento, exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 416 estudantes universitários. A coleta de dados se deu no decorrer do 3º trimestre de 2017, com aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos autores e Questionário para Triagem do Uso de Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Substâncias. Os dados foram analisados com uso de análise estatística descritiva, teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e de acordo com as instruções para aplicação do instrumento selecionado. A pesquisa foi submetida e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados Os índices gerais de envolvimento e o tipo de drogas são: 140 (30%) para derivados do tabaco, 303 (66%) para bebidas alcoólicas, 89 (19%) para maconha, 32 (7%) para cocaína/crack, 24 (5%) para anfetaminas ou êxtase, 30 (7%) para inalantes, 45 (10%) para hipnóticos/sedativos, 36 (8%) para alucinógenos, e nove (2%) para opióides. Discussão Houve envolvimento com todos os tipos de substâncias, associado a romantização quanto ao uso das mesmas no ambiente universitário e facilidade de acesso. Conclusões O envolvimento de universitários com álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias é real e intenso. Além do envolvimento, o risco para dependência dessas substâncias se caracteriza como grande problema social e de saúde.

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to identify the number of students from a higher education institution into the interior of São Paulo state who experienced their entry into alcohol, tobacco and other substances in order to evaluate the occurrence and dependency level on them. Materials and Methods An extract of a compiling, exploratory, descriptive study under a quantitative approach was conducted in 416 undergraduate students. The data were collected over the third quarter of 2017 by applying a semi-structured questionnaire prepared by the authors in addition to the Triage Questionnaire for Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs Use. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for data analysis as well as a Pearson' chi-squared test, according to the instructions for the application of the selected instrument. This study was received and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results The general rates for entry and drug type are 140 (30%) for tobacco derivatives, 303 (66%) for alcohol beverages, 89 (19%) for marijuana, 32 (7%) for cocaine/crack, 24 (5%) for amphetamines or ecstasy, 30 (7%) for inhalant drugs, 45 (10%) for hypnotics/sedatives, 36 (8%) for hallucinogens and 9 (2%) for opioids. Discussion Students showed to be involved in all types of substances which is linked to flexibility in relation to their use in the university environment and their easy access. Conclusions Undergraduate students have a real and intense relationship with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In addition to this relationship, the risk of addiction to these substances is presented as a major social and healthcare problem.

Resumen Introducción El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la cantidad de estudiantes en una institución de educación superior en el interior paulista que experimentan su incursión en el alcohol, el tabaco y otras sustancias, y evaluar así la ocurrencia y el nivel de dependencia de los mismos. Materiales y Métodos Se trata de un extracto de un estudio de levantamiento, exploratorio, descriptivo, de enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 416 estudiantes universitarios. Los datos fueron recolectados en el transcurso del 3º trimestre de 2017, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semi-estructurado, elaborado por los autores y del Cuestionario para Triaje de Uso de Alcohol, Tabaco y otras Sustancias. Los datos fueron analizados a través de un análisis estadístico descriptivo, la prueba de Qui-Cuadrado de Pearson y de acuerdo con las instrucciones para la aplicación del instrumento seleccionado. El estudio fue recibido y aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados Los índices generales de incursión y el tipo de drogas son: 140 (30%) para derivados del cigarrillo, 303 (66%) para bebidas alcohólicas, 89 (19%) para marihuana, 32 (7%) para cocaína/crack, 24 (5%) para anfetaminas o éxtasis, 30 (7%) para drogas inhaladas, 45 (10%) para hipnóticos/sedantes, 36 (8%) para alucinógenos, y nueve (2%) para opioides. Discusión Los estudiantes demostraron haber estado involucrados con todos los tipos de sustancias, lo que se asocia a la flexibilización con respecto al uso de las mismas en el ambiente universitario y a la facilidad de acceso. Conclusiones La relación de los universitarios con el alcohol, el cigarrillo y otras sustancias es real e intensa. Además de esa relación, el riesgo de adicción a estas sustancias se configura como un gran problema social y de salud.

In vitro effects of citral on Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis

Citral, the main constituent of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil, was added to Trypanosoma cruzi cultures grown in TAU3AAG medium to observe the effect on the epimastigote-to-trypomastigote differentiation process (metacyclogenesis). Our results showed that citral (20 μg/mL) did not affect epimastigote viability or inhibit the differentiation process. Concentrations higher than 60 μg/mL, however, led to 100 percent cell death (both epimastigote and trypomastigote forms). Although epimastigotes incubated with 30 μg/mL citral were viable and able to adhere to the substrate, we observed around 50 percent inhibition in metacyclogenesis, with a calculated concentration that inhibited metacyclogenesis by 50 percent after 24 h (IC50/24 h) of about 31 μg/mL. Treatment with 30 μg/mL citral did not hinder epimastigote multiplication because epimastigote growth resumed when treated cells were transferred to a drug-free liver infusion tryptose culture medium. Metacyclogenesis was almost totally abolished at 40 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation. Furthermore, the metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained in vitro were similarly susceptible to citral, with an IC50/24 h, concentration that killed 50 percent of the cells after 24 h, of about 24.5 μg/mL. Therefore, citral appears to be a good candidate as an inhibitory drug for further studies analyzing the T. cruzi metacyclogenesis process.

Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae): first record in Brazil, biological and morphometric parameters

A espécie Sitobion graminis Takahashi, 1950 (Hemiptera, Aphididae) foi detectada no Brasil pela primeira vez em 1998, em Curitiba, PR, associada às gramíneas Erianthus sp., Calamagrotis sp. e Paspalum urvilei. Os espécimes coletados e criados apresentavam uma notável variacão intrapopulacional no comprimento do corpo e apêndices e na esclerotinizacão dorso-abdominal. Esta espécie é reconhecida na Malásia, Nova Guiné, India, Filipinas e Africa, colonizando várias espécies de Poaceae. S. graminis diferencia-se das demais espécies do gênero Sitobion associadas a gramíneas no Brasil, por apresentar a cauda e sifúnculos negros e o último segmento rostral constrito na base. Dados de biologia foram obtidos em laboratório, onde ninfas recém-nascidas criadas sobre as inflorescências das gramíneas hospedeiras, desenvolveram-se em quatro instares. A duracão média do estágio ninfal foi de 11,4 dias, com mortalidade de 36,5por cento. O período médio de pré-larviposicão foi de 1,8 dias; longevidade média das fêmeas de 25,2 dias; fecundidade média de 18,7 ninfas/fêmea, variando de 2 a 41 ninfas/fêmea.

A new species of Impatientinum Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Brazil / Uma nova espécie de Impatientinum Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Aphididae) no Brasil

Impatientinum paranaense sp. nov. é descrita ocorrendo em Cuphea calophylla (Lythraceae) no Brasil. Fêmeas ápteras e aladas vivíparas são descritas e ilustradas. A chave de Remaudière (1981) para o gênero Impatientinum foi modificada para incluir a espécie nova.

Impatientinum paranaense sp. nov. on Cuphea calophylla (Lythraceae) from Brazil is described. Descriptions and illustrations of apterous and alate viviparous females are given. The new taxon is included into the Remaudière (1981)'s key to Impatientinum species.

Consumption of Cinara spp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae) by Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

Adults and larvae of coccinellids were observed feeding on populations of the giant conifer aphids Cinara spp. on Pinus spp., in Southern Brazil. The objective of this research is to evaluate the consumption capacity of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on these aphid species, in order to obtain information for biological control programs. Ten larvae of each predator species were fed with aphids of small size (nymphs of 1st and 2nd instars), and 10 with aphids of medium size (nymphs of 3rd and 4th instars), maintained under 15°C, 20°C and 25°C, 12 h photophase and 70 ± 10 percent relative humidity. The aphids were counted every 24 hours, replacing those that were consumed. The total consumption of Cinara by the larvae of C. sanguinea was not statistically different at the three temperatures: 325.5; 322.2 and 324.8 of small aphids and 121.3; 140.4 and 109.9 of medium ones, respectively at 15°C, 20°C and 25°C. The consumption by H. convergens was higher than by C. sanguinea and increased noticeably with temperature: 444 aphids at 15°C; 491.3 at 20°C and 513.3 at 25°C, considering the small aphids, and 187.1; 205.1 and 216.6 of medium aphids at the three temperatures. The small aphids weigh about half as much as medium ones and were preferred by all larval instars probably because they are easier to manipulate than the large ones. Both predators, especially the 4th instar larvae, showed high consumption capacity on the Cinara nymphs at all temperatures and can be regarded as promising biological control agents.

Comparative biology of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) focusing on the control of Cinara spp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

The giant conifer aphids Cinara pinivora (Wilson, 1919) and Cinara atlantica (Wilson, 1919) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) have been observed attacking Pinus spp. in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The coccinellids, on the other hand, were found feeding on these aphids in the field, which can be regarded as potential biological control agents. The biological cycle and mortality rate of larvae of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) were evaluated using twenty larvae of each predator species fed with nymphs of Cinara. The vials with the insects were kept under 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, with 12h photophase and 70 ± 10 percent relative humidity. The consumption was evaluated every 24 hours and the nymphs replaced. For C. sanguinea, the egg incubation time was 10.5, 5.0 and 4.0 days; the average larval development period was 33.3, 15.8 and 8.6 days and the larval mortality rate 20 percent,0 percent and 15 percent, respectively at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC. For H. convergens, the larval development time was 41.9, 19.3 and 10.9 days at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, respectively. The larval mortality rate was 35 percent, 15 percent and 0 percent under the three temperatures. Both species developed adequately when fed nymphs of Cinara, however, C. sanguinea performed better than H. convergens, even at 15 ºC, at which temperature the biological cycles of the coccinellids are prolonged, but the temperature is favorable for the development of Cinara populations in the field.

Ocorrência e flutuação populacional de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) em áreas de plantio de Pinus taeda (L. ) (Pinaceae) no sul do Paraná / Occurrence and population fluctuation of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) on Pinus taeda (L. ) (Pinaceae) in Southern Paraná

The lacewings are very voracious predators of aphids. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence of adult chrysopids in areas of Pinus reforestation where the giant conifer aphid Cinara spp. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is causing severe damages. A total of 47 specimens were collected during one year and identified as: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), Leucochrysa (Nodita) intermedia (Scheneir, 1851) and Leucochrysa (Nodita) vieirana (Navás, 1913). The captures in the area where the plants were one year old represented about 75 percent of the adults probably due to the high Cinara infestation on the trees in this area. The chrysopids were recorded mostly during the summer, possibly influenced by temperature.